Decadal‐Scale Changes of the Ödenwinkelkees,Central Austria,Suggest Increasing Control of Topography and Evolution Towards Steady State          下载免费PDF全文

Jonathan L. Carrivick  Katie Berry  Martin Geilhausen  William H.M. James  Christopher Williams  Lee E. Brown  David M. Rippin  Steve J. Carver 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2015,97(3):543-562

Small mountain glaciers have short mass balance response times to climate change and are consequently very important for short‐term contributions to sea level. However, a distinct research and knowledge gap exists between (1) wider regional studies that produce overview patterns and trends in glacier changes, and (2) in situ local scale studies that emphasise spatial heterogeneity and complexity in glacier responses to climate. This study of a small glacier in central Austria presents a spatiotemporally detailed analysis of changes in glacier geometry and changes in glaciological behaviour. It integrates geomorphological surveys, historical maps, aerial photographs, airborne LiDAR data, ground‐based differential global positioning surveys and Ground Penetrating Radar surveys to produce three‐dimensional glacier geometry at 13 time increments spanning from 1850 to 2013. Glacier length, area and volume parameters all generally showed reductions with time. The glacier equilibrium line altitude increased by 90 m between 1850 and 2008. Calculations of the mean bed shear stress rapidly approaching less than 100 kPA, of the volume–area ratio fast approaching 1.458, and comparison of the geometric reconstructions with a 1D theoretical model could together be interpreted to suggest evolution of the glacier geometry towards steady state. If the present linear trend in declining ice volume continues, then the Ödenwinkelkees will disappear by the year 2040, but we conceptualise that non‐linear effects of bed overdeepenings on ice dynamics, of supraglacial debris cover on the surface energy balance, and of local topographically driven controls, namely wind‐redistributed snow deposition, avalanching and solar shading, will become proportionally more important factors in the glacier net balance.  相似文献   

新型张力腿式储油处理平台的动力响应分析     

岑皓  王克用  赵胜涛  张海燕 《海洋技术学报》2015,34(5):97-103

针对目前小油田早期生产中存在的不足,提出一种适用于浅水海域的新型张力腿式储油处理平台,该平台主要由储油箱、浮箱、吸力桩、系泊链和甲板结构构成,具备原油处理和储存功能。应用非线性时域耦合分析法,研究了有义波高、平均波周期、水深对该平台的运动响应和系泊链张力的影响。计算结果表明,波高对平台动力响应有较大影响,有义波高每增加0.4 m,平台水平位移相应增加0.408 m,而系泊链力随有义波高的增加呈准线性增大;波周期对平台水平运动影响显著,平均波周期从6.5 s逐级变化至8.5 s时,最大水平位移自3.760 m渐增至5.467 m,而波周期对系泊链力影响较小,变化率一般小于10%;该新型平台对水深大于20 m的浅水海域有良好的动力特性,而对水深小于20 m的海域却表现异常。因此,该新型张力腿式平台能满足水深不小于20 m浅海区的油田早期生产需要。  相似文献   

车辆路径问题:从时间地理学的视角   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

戚铭尧  吴涛  张新 《地球信息科学学报》2015,(1):22-30

车辆路径问题具有典型的时空分布特征,受到众多时空约束条件的制约。在车辆路径规划中,综合考虑时间和空间因素是非常必要的。本文从时间地理学这一全新的视角来研究车辆路径问题,提出一套完整的时间地理学分析框架,阐述了时间地理学的基本概念,提出了车辆路径问题中的时空约束、时空路径、时空棱柱、时空可达性、时空距离等概念,并给出了图示或定量化的度量方法。论文提出的时空距离度量方法综合考虑了顾客在空间位置和时间窗口2个方面的特征,可更科学地判定顾客之间的"邻近性"。论文通过设计一种求解大规模软时间窗车辆路径问题的算法,证明了时空距离的价值,并展望了时间地理学在求解动态车辆路径规划问题、移动设施路径规划问题等方面的应用。本文的贡献在于,通过时间地理学所提供的一系列概念和方法,实现了在统一的框架下同时考虑车辆路径问题(VRP)的时间和空间特征的构想,挖掘了传统时间地理学理论在车辆路径领域中的应用潜力,这将有利于更快或者更好地求解VRP问题。  相似文献   

基于时间序列统计特性的森林变化监测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄春波  佃袁勇  周志翔  王娣  陈瑞冬 《遥感学报》2015,19(4):657-668

森林动态变化分析对揭示生态系统环境变化及植被恢复和布局重建等具有重要意义,时间序列的遥感数据为森林监测提供了基础数据。本文根据森林植被的统计学特性,在暗目标法的基础上,利用归一化植被指数NDVI实现森林样本自动选择;并融合NDVI构建了新的综合森林特征指数(Integrated Forest Z-Score,IFZ);以时间序列的IFZ分析森林动态信息,实现森林变化动态监测。以三峡大坝及周边区域森林为研究区,利用2001年至2012年每年生长季节(5月—10月)的Landsat TM影像检验本文算法。基于2002年、2006年和2010年三期7月—9月的Quick Bird影像的精度分析结果发现:研究区森林变化检测的总体精度可达96.53%,Kappa系数为0.9512。在添加NDVI指数后构建的IFZ提高了总体监测精度。其中,毁林类别的检测精度提高显著,漏检率和误检率分别为2.74%和3.64%;干扰后重建的森林类别的检测精度有一定提高,其漏检率和误检率分别为10.79%和10.51%。研究结果表明,改进暗目标法能提高森林样本的选样效率,添加NDVI的IFZ能提高森林动态变化的识别度。此外,本算法不仅能定性识别森林变化,而且能定量提供森林干扰发生时间和干扰强度。  相似文献   

《重庆历史地图集·第一卷古地图》设计与研制     

熊明 《测绘科学》2015,(9):149-153

文章介绍了该图集编制的背景及国内编纂情况,阐述了图集需遵循的设计原则和工艺流程,构思了图集每个版块的定位及内容组成。重点对图集在编纂过程中开本设计、结构设计、内容设计、排版和整饰设计等方面进行了剖析,并根据重庆本地历史文化展现的需要,进行了对应的设计。其中的结构编排设计、内容排版设计、图名设计、文字内容结构设计,及版式中使用的中华民族文化元素和重庆本地的文化元素的有机融合等方面,在同类作品中实现了多项创新。最后,分析总结了图集编纂中的问题和解决方法,为后续相关产品的设计与编制提供参考。  相似文献   

Visualizing spatiotemporal trajectories of mobile social media users using space–time cube     

Chen Xu  Han Qin  Manzhu Yu 《制图学和地理信息科学》2015,42(4):75-83

The implementation of social network applications on mobile platforms has significantly elevated the activity of mobile social networking. Mobile social networking offers a channel for recording an individual’s spatiotemporal behaviors when location-detecting capabilities of devices are enabled. It also facilitates the study of time geography on an individual level, which has previously suffered from a scarcity of georeferenced movement data. In this paper, we report on the use of georeferenced tweets to display and analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of daily user trajectories. For georeferenced tweets having both location information in longitude and latitude values and recorded creation time, we apply a space–time cube approach for visualization. Compared to the traditional methodologies for time geography studies such as the travel diary-based approach, the analytics using social media data present challenges broadly associated with those of Big Data, including the characteristics of high velocity, large volume, and heterogeneity. For this study, a batch processing system has been developed for extracting spatiotemporal information from each tweet and then creating trajectories of each individual mobile Twitter user. Using social media data in time geographic research has the benefits of study area flexibility, continuous observation and non-involvement with contributors. For example, during every 30-minute cycle, we collected tweets created by about 50,000 Twitter users living in a geographic region covering New York City to Washington, DC. Each tweet can indicate the exact location of its creator when the tweet was posted. Thus, the linked tweets show a Twitter users’ movement trajectory in space and time. This study explores using data intensive computing for processing Twitter data to generate spatiotemporal information that can recreate the space–time trajectories of their creators.  相似文献   

Semi-automatic delineation of badlands using contrast in vegetation activity: a case study in the lower Chambal valley,India     

V. Ranga  A. Van Rompaey  J. Poesen  S.N. Mohapatra  P. Pani 《国际地球制图》2015,30(8):919-936

Population growth worldwide leads to an increasing pressure on the land. Recent studies reported that many areas covered by badlands are decreasing because parts of badlands are being levelled and converted into arable land. It is important to monitor these changes for environmental planning. This paper proposes a remote-sensing-based detection method which allows mapping of badland dynamics based on seasonal vegetation changes in the lower Chambal valley, India. Supervised classification was applied on three Landsat (Thematic Mapper) images, from 3 different seasons; January (winter), April (summer) and October (post-monsoon). Different band selection methods were applied to get the best classification. Validation was done by ground referencing and a GeoEye-1 satellite image. The image from January performed best with overall accuracy of 87% and 0.69 of kappa. This method opens the possibilities of using semi-automatic classification for the Chambal badlands which is so far mapped with manual interpretations only.  相似文献   

震前电离层TEC异常探测方法的研究进展     

黄海莎  刘庆元 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(1)

介绍了震前电离层TEC异常探测原理的研究进展和主要的异常探测方法,详细介绍了时间序列法、Kalman滤波和小波变换在电离层异常探测中的原理和应用,总结了传统方法和新方法在电离层异常探测的应用发展情况,并分析了每种方法的优势与不足。为未来中国采用电离层异常探测开展地震预测工作提出了建议。  相似文献   

区域CORS网坐标时间序列周期特征分析     

黄焱  田林亚  孙腾科  马丙浩 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(9):139-141

通过精密单点定位的方法获取了区域CORS网各基准站的坐标时间序列,并利用最大似然估计法和频谱分析法对其32个基准站坐标时间序列的周期特征进行了分析,获取了各基准站年周期、半年周期的振幅和相位值,以及各基准站的周期功率谱图。结果表明:GNSS基准站坐标时间序列不仅存在线性变化,还存在周期性变化,其中以U方向表征最为明显,与双差定位获得的坐标时间序列周期特性分析结果一致,说明以精密单点定位获取的GNSS基准站坐标时间序列是可靠的,可以用来分析基准站的变化特征。  相似文献   

GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位研究     

谢建涛  郝金明  林文贵  于合理  田英国 《测绘科学技术学报》2015,(5):460-464

天空中导航卫星的可见数不断增加对整周模糊度的解算带来了有利的影响,极大改善了GNSS单历元单频RTK定位的精度和可靠性。针对GLONASS/BDS组合定位时的时空基准统一问题进行了分析;并针对GLONASS信号频分多址的特点,对GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位的数学模型进行了研究;最后通过实测数据对模型可行性进行了验证。结果表明,GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位是可行的,并且在北向上的定位精度要优于BDS单历元双频RTK定位。  相似文献